Deep below and stretching below and beneath the tiniest possible deepest possible most lower level, most lowest level area repulierlift canyons are "deep below and stretching below and beneath the surface are big far- reaching , huge far reaching , immense   Far reaching and giantial and Collosal far reaching and deep immense far reaching below the surface of the planet Atimonia are deep deeper deepest deep deeply deep immense far reaching below the surface are repulierlift canyons known as 

Framegrid shield grid matrix network  (a upper middle lower [repulierlift canyons] canyons fused and or infused repulierlift canyon grid network " matrix "  barrier network to protect the repulierlifts from heavy snow, rain sleet or ice ESP dark matter ice or simply esp dark matter snow and ice ; a closed up closed away; closed down and closed over, closed thru and closed above Framegrid shield grid matrix barrier network repulierlift canyons going up down across and deep down deeply reaching and deep down deeply reaching deeper  

Framegrid shield grid matrix network  (a upper middle lower [repulierlift canyons] canyons fused and or infused repulierlift canyon grid network " matrix "  barrier network to protect the repulierlifts from heavy snow, rain sleet or ice ESP dark matter ice or simply esp dark matter snow and ice ; a closed up closed away; closed down and closed over, closed thru and closed above Framegrid shield grid matrix barrier network repulierlift canyons going up down across and deep down deeply reaching and deep down deeply reaching deeper  

Nanotechnology

CRN Task Force Scenarios

CRN Task Force Scenario Project

For the year 2007, the major project of the CRN Task Force was to begin producing a series of professional-quality scenarios of a near-future world in which exponential general-purpose molecular manufacturing becomes a reality. The purpose is to offer plausible, logical, understandable "stories" that illustrate the challenge of contending with the implications of advanced nanotechnology. What will that future look like? What can we learn from picturing it now that might help us avoid the worst pitfalls and generate the greatest benefits?

In pursuing this project, CRN pulled together more than 50 people from six continents, with a range of backgrounds and points of view, to collaborate on the CTF Scenario Development Project. Most of the participants were members of the CRN Task Force, but some were not (see the full list here). Over the course of several months, we conducted a unique series of "virtual workshops," using a combination of teleconferencing, Internet chat, and online shared documents, and developed eight very different scenarios. We look forward to your feedback as you read and think about these possible futures. 

 

Introduction to the Series

Scenario 1:  Secret Military Development

Scenario 2:  Positive Expectations

Scenario 3:  Negative Drivers

Scenario 4:  Presidential Commission

Scenario 5:  ... And Not a Drop to Drink

Scenario 6:  A Goal Postponed

Scenario 7:  Newshound Notebook

Scenario 8:  Breaking the Fever

STANFORD SCIENTISTS PUBLISH THEORY, FORMULA TO IMPROVE ‘PLASTIC’ SEMICONDUCTORS

Understanding how the molecular structure of polymers influences their electrical characteristics could hasten the advent of flexible electronics.

Tom Abate | School of Engineering

Anyone who’s stuffed a smart phone in their back pocket would appreciate the convenience of electronic devices that could bend. Flexible electronics could spawn new products: clothing wired to cool or heat, reading tablets that could fold like newspaper, and so on.

Alas, electronic components such as chips, displays and wires are generally made from metals and inorganic semiconductors -- materials with physical properties that make them fairly stiff and brittle.

In the quest for flexibility many researchers have been experimenting with semiconductors made from plastics or, more accurately polymers, which bend and stretch readily enough.

“But at the molecular level polymers look like a bowl of spaghetti,” says Stanford chemical engineering professor Andrew Spakowitz, adding: “Those non-uniform structures have important implications for the conductive properties of polymeric semiconductors.”

Stanford Professor Andrew Spakowitz has studied how the molecular structures that make polymers flexible also affect their usefulness as semiconductors. The research will help make bendable electronic devices possible. (Tom Abate, Stanford University)

Spakowitz and two colleagues, Rodrigo Noriega, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Berkeley, and Alberto Salleo, a Stanford professor of Materials Science and Engineering, have created the first theoretical framework that includes this molecular-level structural inhomogeneity, seeking to understand, predict and improve the conductivity of semiconducting polymers.

Their theory, published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, deals with the observed tendency of polymeric semiconductors to conduct electricity at differing rates in different parts of the material – a variability that, as the Stanford paper explains, turns out to depend on whether the polymer strands are coiled up like a bowl of spaghetti or run relatively true, even if curved, like lanes on a highway.

In other words, the entangled structure that allows plastics and other polymers to bend also impedes their ability to conduct electricity, whereas the regular structure that makes silicon semiconductors such great electrical switches tends to make it a bad fit for our back pockets.

The Stanford paper in PNAS gives experimental researchers a model that allows them to understand the tradeoff between the flexibility and conductivity of polymeric semiconductors.

Grasping how they created their model requires a basic understanding of polymers. The word “polymer” is derived from the Greek for “many parts” which aptly describes their simple molecular structure, which consists of identical units, called monomers, that string together, end to end, like so many sausages. Humans have long used natural polymers such as silk and wool, while newer industrial processes have adapted this same technique to turn end-to-end chains of hydrocarbon molecules, ultimately derived from petroleum byproducts, into plastics.

But it was only in the late 1970s that a trio of scientists discovered that plastics which, until then were considered non-conductive materials suitable to wrap around wires for insulation could, under certain circumstances, be induced to conduct electricity.

The three scientists, Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000 for their co-discovery of polymeric semiconductors. In recent years, with increasing urgency, researchers have been trying to harness the finicky electrical properties of plastics with an eye toward fashioning electronics that will bend without breaking.

In the process of experimenting with polymeric semiconductors, however, researchers discovered that these flexible materials exhibited “anomalous transport behavior” or, simply put, variability in the speed at which electrons flowed through the system.

One of the fundamental insights of the Stanford paper is that electron flow through polymers is affected by their spaghetti-like structure – a structure that is far less uniform than that of the various forms of silicon and other inorganic semiconductors whose electrical properties are much better understood.

“Prior theories of electrical flow in polymeric semiconductors are largely extrapolated from our understanding of metals and inorganic semiconductors like silicon,” Spakowitz said, adding that he and his collaborators began by taking a molecular-level view of the electron transport issue.

In essence, the variability of electron flow through polymeric semiconductors owes to the way the structure of these molecular chains creates fast paths and congestion points (refer to diagram). In a stylized sense imagine that a polymer chain runs relatively straight before coming to a hairpin turn to form a U-shape. An electric field moves electrons rapidly up to the hairpin, only to stall.

The yellow electric charge races through a 'speed-lane' in this stylized view of a polymer semiconductor, but pauses before leaping to the next fast path. Stanford engineers are studying why this occurs with an eye toward building flexible electronics. (Professor Andrew Spakowitz)

Meanwhile imagine a similar U-shape polymer separated from the first by a tiny gap. Eventually, the electrons will jump that gap to go from the first fast path to the opposing fast path. One way to think about this is a traffic analogy, in which the electrons must wait for a traffic light to cross from one street, though the gap, before proceeding down the next.

Most importantly, perhaps, in terms of putting this knowledge to use, the Stanford theory includes a simple algorithm that begins to suggest how to control the process for making polymers – and devices out of the resulting materials - with an eye toward improving their electronic properties.

“There are many, many types of monomers and many variables in the process,” Spakowitz said. The model presented by the Stanford team simplifies this problem greatly by reducing it to a small number of variables describing the structural and electronic properties of semiconducting polymers. This simplicity does not preclude its predictive value; in fact, it makes it possible to evaluate the main aspects describing the physics of charge transport in these systems.

“A simple theory that works is a good start,” said Spakowitz, who envisions much work ahead to bring bending smart phones and folding e-readers to reality.

Media Contact:

Tom Abate, Associate Director of Communications, Stanford Engineering, 650-736-2245, tabate@stanford.edu

 

The main parts of a maglev subway system like its beltway guideway gearway is the gravity plating , singular gravity plate

The main parts of a maglev subway system is its beltway,beamway , coilway, driverway frictionway levitationway pulseway singularway tractionway; the gravity plating is a  singular electrodynamic electromotive electrorepusive holoelectrodynamic holoelectromotive holoelectrorepuslive beltway, coilway, driverway, and automated singular electrodynamic electromotive electrorepusive holoelectrodynamic holoelectromotive holoelectrorepuslive beltway, beamway, coilway, driverway frictionway levitationway pulseway singularway tractionway   gravity plate which 



sort of functions like a automated guideway 

The Cause for the Massive Earthquake That Devastated and Damaged Boka City Atimonia for an Extremely Long Time

11/8/13

The Cause for the Massive Earthquake That Devastated and Damaged Boka City Atimonia for an Extremely Long Time

When several huge, heavy, massive, rolling, lumbering, trumbling, noise-making, extremely heavy, Specialized Maglev (also known as Monorail Maglev), Freight Trains were criss-crossing the crystal mountains and mirror mountains huge, heavy, light dura-steel with still, somewhat heavy foundations over the rivers of the Huckleberry River, Sandskirt River, Prometheus River and the Haakanain River, and  Cannanite River. 

Just after the Freight Trains crossed the Mirror Shadow Crystal Vibra Old Cannanite River Railway Bridge, few geologic, tectonic, and seismic sensors embedded within the front, bottom and top part of the Railway Bridge.  The sensor detect a line of minor, mild, moderate, major, massive, unprecedented earthquake waves that would eventually destroy the gateway financial center and would cause a huge, massive, leveling earthquake for hundreds of thousands, even millions and billions of miles, even surrounding much, or even most, of Boka City Atimonia, surrounding the immediate, eventual, complete, total, absolute destruction, even mass-destruction (an artificially propagated, an even started to artificially spark a series of severe mild, moderate, massive, super-massive, and super-mass-destructive series of tiny medium or larger series of unknown means and methods and materials, etc involved in several secret and unknown separatists, supervillain, Dark Lantern Activity at the Mirror Mountain Base and the Crystal Mountain Base.  Suddenly Chromastereoholocrystallovibratransmultipolyholocrystalloultravibrostereocrystallographic holographic photonic optical holocrystallographic holostereocrystallographic multiholospectralllographic camera captured in one nanoseconds, one microsecond, one megasecond, one millisecond, one second, one minute, one hour, one day, one week, one month, one year, one decade, one century, one millennium, one eon at Atimonia.  Suddenly, out of nowhere, due to unknown causes, situations, scenarios, forces, and models saying how the various unknown phenomena and the known set of scientific phenomena and specific phenomenon of the city planning that did not continue to progress mentioned in involved details because it actually happened to be that the earthquake happened to the gateway financial and caused it to no longer exist, causing a planet-wide, galaxy-wide and throughout the galactic republic, that the major mistake that they made a long time ago that resulted in the city being irregularly zoned, planned and developed is that the city planner never seriously realized a need for partial planning, zoning above a simple level of sub-block parcel, but never anything higher, denser and more developed than a simple square grid cube block of parcel.

So the old monorail /light rail /high speed overground high speed express ground light rail monorail railroad and railway intersection gate and also passenger commuter , freight/monorail freight/freight monorail/ , rapid transit , and mass transit /subway transit railroad /railway main gate interjunctional intersection junction at the 3 corners if the Zolumainloweian Mountains, Zardaveiran Mountains, and Crystal Supercontient Mesa Plateau Mountain Range were fully build up and maintained ...